Firstly, "Shōryōgyūba" is basically "Spirit Cow" and "Spirit Horse". These are the cucumber horse and the eggplant cow figures used as decorations for Obon. The cucumber horse is supposed to be green, lean and tall; while the eggplant cow is supposed to be purple, fat and short. In the manga, Jōsuke wears a green undershirt, and his hair is – *coughs – big and purple.
Secondly, an obligatory pointing-out that another way of reading Jōsuke's surname is Touhou. Yes, "Higashikata" uses those same characters (東方). And yes, that makes him...
Touhou JoJo